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Predict hybridizations ($sp^3, dsp^2, sp^3d^2$), magnetic moments ($\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}$ BM), and crystal field splitting ($\Delta_o$) in coordination complexes.
Coordination compounds in Class 12 evaluate electronic pairing according to the spectrochemical series.
Strong field ligands ($CN^-, CO, en$) cause electron pairing when $\Delta_o > P$ (pairing energy), forming low-spin inner orbital complexes ($d^2sp^3$). Weak field ligands ($F^-, Cl^-, H_2O$) allow high-spin outer orbital complexes ($sp^3d^2$) when $\Delta_o < P$.
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